Padlock



March 15, 1955 I F. RYNDZONAK 2,703,975

PADLOCK Filed Aug. 20, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG.

me e m2 /8 IN V EN TOR.

FQA/VK 4 P YNDZONAK 64 ATTORNEYS March 15, 1955 F. RYNDZONAK 2,703,975

PADLOCK Filed Aug. 20, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. 194m gY/vo zaMq/r United States Patent PADLQCK Frank Ryndzonak, San Antonio, Tex. Application August 20, 1954, Serial No. 451,217

' 6 Claims. or. 70-38) This invention relates .to :an improved padlock.

Among important objects of .the invention are the following:

To permit a Wide range of combinations of tumblers to be selected, while holding to a minimum .the number of different tumblers manufactured;

To provide an improved means for interengaging the key and tumblers for joint rotation;

T o facilitate the manufacture .of the vlock .either as a laminated or one piece body without sacrificing the above stated desirable objects;

To increase the resistance .of :the lock .to tampering; and

To facilitate the free use and interchangeability of the lock parts, in the assembly of yarious'locksdifiering from one another as to the length and type ofhasp, and the number and relative arrangementof laminations and tumblers.

Other objects will appear from the following description, the claims appended thereto,.and from the annexed drawing, in which like reference .charactersdesignate like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective .view of .a lock formed in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view on line 2-2 of Figure l, the tumblers being .'in unlocking position;

Figure 3 is an elevational viewof the key;

Figures 4 through 7 are sectional views .on lines 44, 5'5,. 6-6, and 'i-.7 of Figure 3, respectively;

Figures 8, 9, 1.0, and .11 are sectional view on lines 88, 99, 1@10, and 1111, respectively of Figure 2; and

Figure 1-2 is an exploded perspective view .of the loci; and its key.

The padlock includes .a body generally :designated vl4. This can be of solid, one-piece construction. However, in the'illustrated example it is composed of laminations 16, 18, '20, 22, 24, 26, .28, 30, and 32. These-may be of any desired outer configuration. In the illustrated example they are oblong, with tapered ends. The -peripheries of the several laminations are in registry.

Alternate laminations are formed, medially between their ends, with large .circularopenings. These are concentric and areal] formed .to the same'diameter. Thus, laminations 18, 22, 26, .and .30 :are formed with large center openings 34, .36, 38, 40 respectively. The "uppermost lamination 32, medially between its ends, has a downwardly facing shallow recess 42 formed inits :underside and concentric with the openings 34 through 40. Recess 42, however, is of larger diameter than said openings.

The remaining plates are formed with small center openings concentric with thelarge openings. Thus, plates or laminations 16, 20, 24, and 28'have openings 44, .46, 48, 50 respectively. In the center of the bottom of recess 42, a small diameter concavity 52, aligned with the small center openings 44 through 50, is formed.

In the several corners of the laminations :16 through 32 small apertures are formed, receiving connecting .pins 54. Pins 54 permit all the laminations to be fixedly connected in superposed, registeredpositions, the opposite ends of the pins being peened over .after assembly ofthe laminations therewith.

In those plates having large center openings, key hole slots are formed, adjacent one end 'of'the plates or laminations. The 'key hole slots have relatively large circular key is being used.

2 portions and throat portions that .are relatively .narrow. The throat portions communicate between 'the circular portions and the large center openings of the :-associated laminations.

Thus, as best shown in Figure 1'2, ,plates .18, 22, 26, and 30 are provided with ,keyhole slots *56, 5.8, 60, and Y62 respectively.

The uppermost lamination 32 :15 formed, adjacent one .end, with a key holeslot 16.4 registering with the other key hole slots. Key hole slot 64, at the underside of the uppermost lamination -32, is .in communication with the recess 42.

In the bottommost lamination 16, a recess 66, having the shape of and registered .with the several key hole slots, is formed, said recess facing upwardly and being provided in the upper or inner surface of the lamination 16.

Those plates having small center openings .are also formed with keyhole slots. However, these slots .are not in communication with the center openings. vThus,;plates 20, 24, and 28 have 'key :holeslots 68,70, 72 respectively.

Rotata'bly mounted in theseveraljlarge center openings are circular tumblers .the diameters :of which correspond to the diameters of their associated -openings34, 3:6, .38, and 40 respectively. The uppermosttumbler 82 is thicker than the other .tumblers,.and.not only this the center opening ifi of lamination 3.0, but also the downwardly facing recess 42 of the top lamination 32.

in the several tumblers center openings, corresponding in diameter :to the diameters of the small center openings -44 through 50, are formed. Thus, tumblers 76, 78, 80, and 82 are formed with center openings .84, '86, 88, respectively.

Further, the several tumblers areformed, .at their peripheries, with rectangular notches adapted, in one posi tion to which the tumblers .are .rotated, to register with the narrow or straight portions of-athe .key hole "slots .of the several laminations. Mun-tumblers 76, 78, 8.0, and 82am formed with notches 9,2, 94, .96., 98 respectively.

A lock hasp 100 of inverted U-.shape has depending legs, one of which is formed with an elongated axial extension 1.02 of reduced .diameter having, .at its outer end, a fiat, enlarged head 104. sleeve 1.0.6 is mounted upon and extends the length'otthe reduced extension 102, and is formed, at uniformly :spaced intervals along its length, with laterally projecting Jugs .108 aligned with one another longitudinally of the sleeve and adapted to register with the notches of the tumblers and with the straight portions of the key hole slots. .The sleeve is extendable into the circular portions of the several key hole slots.

in .the depending .legs .ofthe hasp-are formed notches 110. These face inwardly of the .hasp, that is, they confront one another across the space between .the hasp legs (Figure .2). A peripheral flange 1-12-formed upon the top tumbler .82, at the top surface of said tumbler 82, has at one location uponitscircumference (Figure 8) a shallowarcuate recess 114, located diametrically-opposite the notch 98 .of this tumbler.

Formed in the twouppermostlaminations 30, 32 are registering openings 1:16, 118 respectively, receiving that leg of the jhasp .not "having the extension 102.

In each tumbler there is provided .a spring-loaded detent 120. This is urged radiallyand inwardly of the centeropening ofthe tumbler. The detent 120 of each turnblercan be located .at any point upon the circumference thereof, relative to the :lug-receiving-notch-of thetumbler. Thus, tumbler 82 (FigureS hastits detent 120 spaced 180 degrees fromnotch 98; tumbler'.80 has its :detent spaced approximately degrees from .its .notch 96; tumbler 78 (Figure 10) has its detent spaced 9.0 degrees from its notch 94; and-tumbler 76 (Figure 11) has its detent 90 degrees from notch 92, in .an opposite direction.

.A key 122 is formed witha :straightshank ;of circular cross section fitting snugly tin-the small lamination openings .44 through .50 and'the tumbler-centeropenings 84 through 90. Atone end, the key has-a handle .124 merging .into a flattened collar .126 that defines a shoulder-em gaging against the underside 'of the -lo.ck :body when the At locations spaced longitudinally of the shank 122 there are formed detent-receiving recesses 128. These are spaced longitudinally of the key shank corresponding- 1y to the distance between the several detents 120 of the tumblers. Further, the recesses 128 are spaced C11- cumferentially of the key shank correspondingly to the spacing of the detents circumferentially of the key-shankreceiving passage of the lock body.

Each recess 128 is of crescent shape, having a straight wall and an arcuate edge meeting, at its ends, the ends of the straight wall. Medially between the opposite ends of the straight wall, a semi-circular concavity 130 is formed therein, and is of a diameter corresponding to the diameter of each detent pin 120. That surface of recess 128 in which the concavity 130 is formed is disposed approximately radially of the key shank. Accordingly, when the key is rotated in one direction, the detent Wlll engage in the concavity 130 and will be rotated with the ke When the key is rotated in the opposite direction, however, the detent will ride upon a cam surface 132 lying in a plane at right angles to the plane of wall 128. Surface 132 is oblique to the axis of the detent, and accordingly, the detent will ride over the surface 132 onto the periphery of the key shank, and will not rotate with the key shank when the key is rotated in the last named direction.

It is desired to hold the several tumblers against free rotation relative to one another and relative to the laminations. Accordingly, friction-producing means is interposed between adjacent laminations. Springs 134, mounted in openings formed in the laminations 20, 28, have lugs at their opposite ends, the springs being held under compression and thus causing the lugs at the end thereof to press against the adjacent surfaces of the laminations between which the springs extend.

In use, and assuming that the lock is unlocked with the hasp removed, the parts will be in such a position that the tumblers will have their peripheral notches in registration with the straight portions of the key hole slots of the several laminations. This provides a continuous passage extending from the top surface of the padlock body to the bottom of the recess 66 of lowermost lamination 16. Therefore, the hasp can be inserted in the position shown in Figure 2, the lugs 108 moving through the continuous passage and the sleeve 106 extending within the circular portions of the key hole slot. The lower ends of the legs of the hasp will engage in the circular portions of key hole slots 62, 64, and in the openings 116, 118 respectively.

To look the device, the key is now inserted, and since it has a distinctly'rounded formation at that end thereof remote from the handle 124, it will initially bias the several detents, against the spring loading thereof, radially outwardly of the openings into which said detents project. Subsequently, with the key fully inserted, rotation of the key in one direction will cause the several detents to engage in their associated recesses 128, the detents moving into the concavities 130 of said recesses. Continued movement of the key in this direction will now cause the several tumblers to rotate therewith, due to the interengagement between the key and tumblers afforded by the detent. Rotation of the tumblers will cause their notches to move out of alignment with the key hole slots of the several laminations, and'as a result, unnotched portions of the tumblers will be disposed in the path of the lugs 108. This will prevent'removal of the hasp 100, and

the device will now be locked. The key is now rotated in anopposite direction to disengage the several detents from the recesses 128, and is removed. During rotation of the key in the opposite direction, the tumblers will not turn, due to the friction-producing means 134 and due also to the fact thatthereis not positive engagement now between the detents and'key.

When the device is in unlocked condition. the notch 98 and recess 114 of the .top tumbler 82 are in registration with the respective legs of the hasp. Thus (Figure 8) the flange of the tu'rnbler 82 will not extend into the confronting notches 110. When, however, the device is locked in the manner referred to above, the flange will be rotated to a position in which unrecessed portions thereof extend through the confronting recesses 110.

This supplements the locking action afforded by the sev- 1 eral tumblers and the lugs 108.

It will be seen that certain important advantages will derive from the construction. For example, a comparatively small number of tumblers can be manufactured, with said tumblers being capable of assembly in different combinations, so as to produce a wide range of tumbler combinations at relatively low manufacturing expense. Further, the number of tumblers can be varied as desired. In the illustrated example four tumblers are shown. However, the number of tumblers could be substantially longer. Still further, a highly effective locking action is obtained, which will securely hold the hasp legs and will resist tampering.

It is believed apparent that the invention is not necessarily confined to the specific use or uses thereof described above, since it may be utilized for any purpose to which it may be suited. Nor is the invention to be necessarily limited to the specific construction illustrated and described, since such construction is only intended to be illustrative of the principles, it being considered that the invention comprehends any minor change in construction that may be permitted within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A padlock comprising a hasp including spaced legs one at least of which is formed with a longitudinal series of lugs; a body having a plurality of relatively large cavities, passages for receiving the legs of the hasp, the passages communicating with the large cavities for extension of the lugs into the large cavities, and small cavities communicating between the large cavities; tumblers rotatable in the several large cavities, the tumblers having center openings registering with the small cavities, and peripheral notches aligning with the lugs in one position of the tumblers to free the hasp for insertion and removal; and detents in the respective tumblers projecting into the center openings and adapted to engage a key extended through the center openings and small cavities and formed with detent-receiving recesses, whereby to jointly rotate the tumblers to and from said position, said tumblers having their marginal portions in the path of the lugs when rotated away from said position, to lockably engage the hasp in the body.

2. A padlock comprising a hasp including spaced legs one at least of which is formed with a longitudinal series of lugs, said one leg including an elongated axial extension on which said series is provided; a body having a plurality of relatively large cavities, passages for receiving the legs of the hasp, the passages communicating with the large cavities for extension of the lugs into the large cavities, and small cavities communicating between the large cavities; tumblers rotatable in the several large cavities, the tumblers having center openings registering with the small cavities, and peripheral notches aligning with the lugs in one position of the tumblers to free the hasp for insertion and removal; and detents in the respective tumblers projecting into the center openings and adapted to engage a key extended through the center openings and small cavities and formed with detent-receiving recesses, whereby to jointly rotate the tumblers to and from said position, said tumblers having their marginal portions in the path of the lugs when rotated away from said position, to lockably engage the hasp in the body.

3. A padlock comprising a hasp including spaced legs, one of said legs including an elongated axial extension, said one leg having a shoulder at one end of said extension, the extension including a head at its other end, said shoulder and head defining abutments spaced longitudinally of the extension; a sleeve circumposed about said extension and engaged at its ends by said abutments; a longitudinal series of lugs formed upon said sleeve and aligned longitudinally of the sleeve; a body having a plurality of relatively large cavities, passages for receiving the legs of the hasp, the passages communicating with the large cavities for extension of the lugs into the large cavities, and small cavities communicating between the large cavities; tumblers rotatable in the several large cavities, the tumblers having center openings registering with the small cavities, and peripheral notches aligning with the lugs in one position of the tumblers to free the hasp for insertion and removal; and detents in the respective tumblers projecting into the center openings and adapted to engage a key extended through the center openings and small cavities and formed with detent receiving recesses, whereby to jointly rotate the tumblers to and from said position, said tumblers having their marginal portions in the path of the lugs when rotated away from said position, to lockably engage the hasp in the body.

4. A padlock comprising a hasp including spaced legs one at least of which includes a longitudinal series of lugs; a body including a plurality of superposed laminations some having large and the remaining having small center openings, said laminations having aligned key hole slots each of which includes a circular portion and a straight throat portion, the throat portions of the key hole slots of those laminations having large center openings being in communication with said large center openings, said circular portions of the key hole slots being adapted to receive said one leg of the hasp, the throat portions being adapted to receive the lugs; tumblers rotatable in said large openings, the tumblers having center openings registering with the small center openings of said remaining laminations and peripheral notches aligning with said throat portions of the several key hole slots in one position of the tumblers, to free the hasp for insertion and removal; and detents in the respective tumblers projecting into the center openings and adapted to receive a key having detent-receiving recesses whereby to jointly rotate the tumblers to and from said positions, said tumblers having their marginal portions in the path of the lugs when rotated away from said positions, to lockably engage the hasp in the body.

5. A padlock comprising a hasp including spaced legs one at least of which includes a longitudinal series of lugs; a body including a plurality of superposed laminations some having large and the remaining having small center openings, said laminations having aligned key hole slots each of which includes a circular portion and a straight throat portion, the throat portions of the key hole slots of whose laminations having large center openings being in communication with said large center openings, said circular portions of the key hole slots being adapted to receive said one leg of the hasp, the throat portions being adapted to receive the lugs; tumblers rotatable in said large openings, the tumblers having center openings registering with the small center openings of said remaining laminations and peripheral notches aligning with said throat portions of the several key hole slots in one position of the tumblers, to free the hasp for insertion and removal; and detents in the respective tumblers projecting into the center openings and adapted to receive a key having detent-receiving recesses whereby to jointly rotate the tumblers to and from said positions, said tumblers having their marginal portions in the path of the lugs when rotated away from said positions, to lockably engage the hasp in the body, one at least of the tumblers including a marginal flange having diametrically opposite recesses, said legs of the hasp having recesses facing inwardly of the hasp in the direction of said flange, said recesses of the flange, when the tumblers are in said position thereof, registering with the hasp legs, said flange moving into the recesses of the hasp legs on rotation of the tumblers from said position.

6. A padlock comprising a hasp including spaced legs one at least of which is formed with a longitudinal series of lugs; a body having a plurality of relatively large cavities, passages for receiving the legs of the hasp, the passages communicating with the large cavities for extension of the lugs into the large cavities, and small cavities communicating between the large cavities; tumblers rotatable in the several large cavities, the tumblers having center openings registering with the small cavities, and peripheral notches aligning with the lugs in one position of the tumblers to free the hasp for insertion and removal; detents in the respective tumblers projecting into the center openings and adapted to engage a key extended through the center openings and small cavities and formed with detent-receiving recesses, whereby to jointly rotate the tumblers to and from said position, said tumblers having their marginal portions in the path of the lugs when rotated away from said position, to lockably engage the hasp in the body; and means mounted in the body to frictionally engage said tumblers against free rotation, said means comprising a spring held under compression within the body between each pair of adjacent tumblers and exerting pressure at its ends against the tumblers of said pair.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 156,113 Ahrend Oct. 20, 1814 FOREIGN PATENTS 256,632 Great Britain "7. Ian. 6, 1927 

